Industry and Mining

Previous Work Done in Egypt Related to Greening the Industrial Sector:

3 National Strategies for the industrial sector have been issued since 2002.
No National plans for the industrial sector have been identified
9 Major projects addressing greening the industrial sector have been identified, three of which address pollution abatement.

1. Diagnostic Studies

Title & Link	Authors & Sponsors	Date	Remarks
Study of Egyptian Traditional Sectors	Funded by: EU Prepared by: The Confederation of Egyptian European Business Associations	2021	The objective of this study is to foster value chains and business alliances among MSMEs in Mediterranean textile, footwear and leather sectors in order to encourage the creation of new products and business growth, by building bridges between these sectors and the creative industry
Clusters as drivers of local industrial development in Egypt	Published by: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Authors: Fatma Abdelaziz, Hoda El-Enbaby, Xiaobo Zhang, and Clemens Breisinger	2018	The objectives of this paper are to take stock of existing clusters in Egypt; to identify a set of promising “organic” clusters; and to make high-level recommendations for the further expansion of agribusiness and handicrafts clusters based on an innovative analysis of economic census data, a review of previous cluster studies in Egypt, and information obtained from expert interviews and a stakeholder workshop.

2. Sectoral Strategies and Policies

Title & Link	Authors & Sponsors	Date	Remarks
National Strategy for Cleaner Production in Egyptian Industry	Involved entities: Ministry of Environment/EEAA – Ministry of the Industry – Ministry of Electricity – Ministry of Finance – Ministry of Public Enterprise – Ministry of Foreign Trade – Ministry of Petroleum – Ministry of State for Scientific Research – Federation of Egyptian Industry – Industry Modernization Program – Local consultants	2002	The main role of this document is to develop integrated procedures for cleaner production for the Egyptian industry within an agreed national policy.
Egypt’s Industrial Development Strategy	Published by: Ministry of Trade and Industry	2005	This strategy puts forth a twenty-year vision for the Egyptian industry (2005-2025) that defines strategic targets, and carefully identifies the instruments through which public policy can contribute to industrial development.
Industry and Trade Development Strategy 2016 – 2020	Published by: Ministry of Trade and Industry	2016	This strategy includes several feasible goals linked to the related sectoral strategies and development initiatives at the level of all the governorates. It will be followed by a detailed implementation plan that specifies how to implement each program and project and include an advanced system for M&E.
Industrial Energy Efficiency in Egypt – Strategies and Policies	Published by: UNIDO & GEF In cooperation with: Ministry of the Environment	2014	The industrial energy efficiency project supported by UNIDO in Egypt tackles the urgent need to optimize industrial energy consumption locally, and offers models to local industries to shift to a more sustainable energy consumption patterns. This summary proposes a set of policies that can be used to promote industrial energy efficiency.
Egypt’s National Strategy for the Development of Organic Clusters: 2019 – 2030	Funded by: African Development Bank Consultant: Entrust In cooperation with: Micro, Small & Medium Enterprise Development Agency (MSMEDA),	2018	This Strategy is adopting an approach that unleashes the potential of local clusters through building their capacities and empowering them to formulate and implement cluster-specific plans for each individual cluster.

3. Regulatory Framework

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Industrial Pollution Control Policies in Egypt

Commissioned by: EEAA

Consultant: EcoConserv

2010

This report reviews the on-going policies implemented by EEAA regarding IPC with a

particular emphasis on the monitoring and enforcement functions. It also redefines this policy using the SWOT approach and subsequently recommend detailed measures to improve EEAA’s capabilities in IPC and

policy making.

4. Plans (sectoral, sub-sectoral and regional)

Gap

5. Identified Programs and Projects

Title & Link	Authors & Sponsors	Date	Remarks
Eco-Industrial Parks Project Document	Funded by: Government of Switzerland Executing Agency: UNIDO Local Coordinating Agency: Ministry of Trade and Industry	2021	The objective of the project is to demonstrate the viability and benefits of Eco-Industrial Park approaches in scaling up resource productivity and improving economic, environmental and social performances of businesses and thereby contributing to inclusive and sustainable industrial development.
Egyptian Programme for Promoting Industrial Motor Efficiency	Implementing Agency: UNIDO Executing Agencies: Ministry of Trade and Industry (MoTI), Egyptian National Cleaner Production Center (ENCPC), Federation of Egyptian Industries (FEI)	2018	The main project objective is to reduce GHG emissions by facilitating and supporting market penetration of highly energy efficient motor systems in the industrial sector in Egypt.
Utilizing Solar Energy for Industrial Process Heat in Egyptian Industry	Implementing Agency: UNIDO Executing Agencies: Ministry of Industry & Trade, EEAA, New and Renewable Energy Authority, Ministry of Tourism, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology	2014	The main project objective is to promote Low-carbon Technologies for Cooling and Heating in Industrial Applications in Egypt
Egyptian National Cleaner Production Center	Established by: the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) In cooperation with: UNIDO	2005	The center acts as a service provider for the Egyptian Industry and as a vehicle for promoting green technologies transfer and innovation. It also provides technical assistance for technology transfer in the fields of resource efficiency, industrial waste valorization in addition to energy efficiency and renewable energy applications.
National Action Plan For Sustainable Consumption And Production (SCP)	Funded by: EU Published by: Ministry of the Environment In cooperation with: UNEP, CEDARE, UNIDO	2016	The EU funded SwitchMed is divided into 3 components addressing different parts of the transition process to Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) – SDG12.
Egyptian National Action Program to Combat Desertification	Published by: Ministry of Agriculture & Land Reclamation In cooperation with: Desert Research Center and UNCCD	2005	This NAP of Egypt is formulated to comprise four parts, each of which is geared to address and focus on the specific attributes of the four agro-ecological zones distinguished in Egypt, priorities of action and striking desertification processes.

6. Resource Efficiency Related Work

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Industrial Energy Efficiency in Egypt

Independent Terminal Evaluation Report

Funded by: Global Environment Facility (GEF)

Implementing Agency: UNIDO

National Executing Partner: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)

In cooperation with: Ministry of Trade and Industry (MoTI), Industrial Development Authority (IDA), Industrial Modernization Center (IMC), Egyptian Organization for Standards (EOS), and Federation of Egyptian Industries

2013

The main project objective is facilitating energy efficiency (EE) improvements in the industrial sector through supporting the development of a national energy management standard and energy efficiency services for Egyptian industry as well the creation of demonstration effects.

7. Pollution Abatement Related Work

Title & Link	Authors & Sponsors	Date	Remarks
Egypt Pollution Abatement Project	Funded by: The World Bank In Cooperation with: Ministry of Environment (MOE), Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) and Ministry of International Cooperation	2005	The main objective of the project was to assist GOE in reducing industrial pollution causing adverse health effects and/or ecological degradation. Its specific objectives were to strengthen the monitoring and enforcement capabilities of the environmental institutions and establish technical and financial mechanisms for supporting pollution abatement investments in Greater Cairo, Alexandria, Suez and Ismailia.
Second Pollution Abatement Project	Funded by: The World Bank In Cooperation with: Ministry of Environment (MOE), Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) and Ministry of International Cooperation	2017	EPAP II, which was implemented from 2006 to 2012, was designed as a follow-on project to the initial Egypt Pollution Abatement Project (EPAP I), which financed a number of pollution abatement sub-projects in the industrial sector in Egypt from 1998 to 2005.
Egyptian Pollution Abatement Project III	Funded by: European Investment Bank Local partners: Ministry of Environment and the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)	2014	The main objective of EPAP III is to set a framework for encouraging cleaner production uptake in Egypt by promoting technologies achieving significant pollution abatement in the industry

8. Climate Change Related Work

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Low-Carbon Roadmap for

the Egyptian Cement Industry

Funded by: EBRD

Consultant: EcoConServ, Cementis, South Pole Group

In cooperation with: the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA), the Chamber of Building Materials Industries (CBMI), Egypt Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) and the Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).

2016

This Roadmap was developed under the EBRD-funded project “Egypt: Technology and Policy Scoping for a Low-Carbon

Egyptian Cement Industry” with the objective of recognising the need to objectively assess the technologies available in the cement industry, their energy saving and CO2 mitigation potential in Egypt, the required enabling policies and actions, as well as the financial and economic conditions necessary.

9. Monitoring and Evaluation

Gap

10. Other Related Studies

Title & Link	Authors & Sponsors	Date	Remarks
Circularity: A Green Recovery Industrial Strategy for Egypt	Published by: AUC – Alternative Policy Solutions	2021	This paper offers policy recommendations for Egypt’s industrial sector to adopt circularity as a national green recovery strategy.
Towards Sustainable Development: Measuring Environmental Total Factor Productivity in Egypt	Published by: European Journal of Sustainable Development Authors: Iman Al-Ayouty & Hoda Hassaballa	2020	This paper studies environmental total factor productivity (ETFP) for ten energy-intensive industries using the Malmquist index and data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the period 2002-2014.
Extended Producer Responsibility Scheme for Packaging Waste in Egypt	Published by: GIZ In cooperation with: Ministry of Environment, WMRA, NSWMP Consultant: Black Forest Solutions	2020	The aim of this report is to develop the institutional set up for an EPR scheme for packaging waste in Egypt under the draft waste framework law, with respect to the roles and responsibilities of both the public and private stakeholders, the required local infrastructure, and a roadmap of implementing the EPR scheme in a pilot area (a set tourist area along the Red Sea) and its expansion plan at national level.
Structural Transformation and Industrial Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey and Case Studies	Published by: European Investment Bank Prepared by: FEMISE Authors: Izak Atiyas, Ahmed Galal and Hoda Selim	2015	This paper discusses the two topics of structural transformation and industrial policy in four Countries: Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey. It also discusses the rationale and importance of structural transformation and industrial policy in the development process and what has been the role of industrial policy or lack thereof in the transformation process.
The Role of Small Manufacturing Enterprises in Sustainable Regional Development	Published by: Technische Universität Dresden Author: A. A. S. M. Hefnawy (PhD Thesis)	2006	This thesis discusses several relevant themes and notions related to the impact of SMEs in sustainable regional development in developing countries and the subsequent formulation of recommendations to improve the role SMEs play in the sustainable development arena.
The use of special economic zones to drive sustainable development in Egypt: A case study on the Suez Canal region	Published by: AUC Author: Dona Alaa Ali (Masters Thesis)	2020	This research argues that Special Economic Zones (SEZs) could offer a successful way to drive sustainable development in the country, provided this economic zone is appropriately established and customized to fits Egypt needs.
Report for the Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED) – Green Economy	Published by: The Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED) Editors: Hussein Abaza, Najib Saad and Bashar Zeitoon	2011	This report offers options of green economy in Arab countries in various sectors and represents the first phase of the AFED green economy initiative.
Achieving Sustainable Development in Africa through Inclusive Green Growth – Agriculture, Ecosystems, Energy, Industry and Trade	Published by: UNEP	2015	This report explores a theme that has a particular significance for Africa, inclusive green growth, in the light of its implications for the region’s transformation and sustainable development.

11. Selected Published Research Work

Serial	Subject	Author and Title	Journal
I01	Emissions driving forces and indicators	Engo, Jean. “Driving forces and decoupling indicators for carbon emissions from the industrial sector in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia”	Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 28
I02	Environmental Indicator system for assessing sustainability	Qutb, S. M. et al. “A proposed environmental indicator’s system for assessing the environmental sustainability performance of Egyptian industrial zones Case study “Al-Tebeen City in Al-Saleb District“	International Design Journal, vol. 12
I03	Clean manufacturing	Al-Ayouty, Iman et al. “Clean manufacturing industries and environmental quality: The case of Egypt”	Environmental Development, vol. 21
I04	Eco-Industrial Parks	Sakr, D. et al. “Critical success and limiting factors for eco-industrial parks: global trends and Egyptian context.”	Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 19
I05	Eco-Industrial Parks	Elmassah, Suzanna. “Achieving sustainable industrialisation in Egypt: assessment of the potential for EIPs.”	Interdisciplinary Environmental Review, vol. 19
I06	Green Manufacturing in Ceramic Industry	S. E. ElKhouly et al. “Green manufacturing practices as a tool for improving competitiveness in the light of Egypt’s vision 2030 – an empirical study on Egyptian ceramic industry”	Scientific journal for financial and administrative studies and research, vol. 8
I07	Environmental aspects in sugarcane industry	D. A. Nakhla & S. El Haggar “A proposal to environmentally balanced sugarcane industry in Egypt”	International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research, vol. 2