Previous work done in Egypt related to Greening the Sector:

  • 4 diagnostic/background studies addressing the sector were identified
  • 3 National Strategies and policies for the sector have been issued since 2013.
  • 2 National Water Resources Plans have been identified for (2005-2017) and (2017-2030)
  • 9 Major projects addressing greening the water resources sector have been identified, two of which address pollution abatement and 2 address climate change.

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors Date

Remarks

Green Economy  Scoping Study – Egypt

Published by: UNEP in cooperation with EEAA and MoE

Prepared by: CEDARE

2014

Pages 38-39 of this study offer a SWOT summary of the water resources sector in Egypt in addition to sector specific enabling conditions and recommended actions.
Cooperation Planning Survey on the Irrigation Sector (Upper Egypt And Middle Delta) in The Arab Republic of Egypt Published by: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Consultant: NTC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD

2018

This survey was conducted to propose a cooperation program and draft cooperation projects by Japan to contribute to the “Realization of efficient use of the existing resources”, a pillar of the National Water Resources Plan of Egypt.

Nile River Water Quality

Management Study

Published by: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

With support from: USAID

Consultants: Development Alternatives, Inc. & International Resources Group

2003

The objective of that study was to identify and characterize the sources of pollution discharges to the Nile River system and presenting additional information, pointing to major issues, and suggesting options for dealing with them.
Water use efficiency and economic approach – National Study Egypt Published by: Plan Bleu

UNEP/MAP Regional Activity Centre

In coordination with: CEDARE

2011

This report comprises an attempt to assess the efficiency of water use at the national scale for three main subsectors of the water sector, namely: the agricultural sector, the municipal sector, and the industrial sector. Best estimates for the water efficiency index, based on collected data and existing national water-related strategies, are calculated.

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Proposed Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation in Egypt

Published by: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

Prepared for: UNESCO Cairo Office

Author: Dr. Mohamed M Nour El-Din

2013

This report presents an adaptation strategy for the water sector in Egypt under the foreseen changes affecting water resources management and climatic conditions. The report focuses on climate change projections and impacts on water supplies represented by the Nile flow regime, the demands from different sectors, and the coastal zones.

Irrigation policies in Egypt since the construction of the High Aswan Dam

Published by: G-Eau

Author: François Molle

2018

This chapter reviews the extraordinary cost of maintaining the delta ‘irrigation machine’, the history of irrigated agriculture expansion, and the evolution of public policies in Egypt. It then examines key issues and challenges.

Egyptian Water Strategy 2030

Published by: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

2018

This is part of Egypt’s vision 2030 general strategy that focuses on water resources.

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

National Water Resources Plan (NWRP) 2017

Published by: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

Supported by: Government of Netherlands

2005

The main objective of the strategy is to describe how Egypt will safeguard its water resources in the future, both with respect to quantity and quality, and how it will use these resources in the best way from a socio-economic view. 

National Water Resources Plan 2017 – 2030 – 2037

Published by: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

2017

This is the updated National Water Resources Plan for Egypt 2017–2030–2037. The Plan covers the period 2017–2037 to which the intermediate years 2020 and 2030 have been added. The plan builds on experiences gained and lessons learned from the implementation of the first National Water Resources Plan (NWRP2017) in the period between 2005 and 2017.

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Water efficiency, productivity and sustainability in the NENA regions (WEPS-NENA)

Funded by: FAO

Local Partners: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation

2019

This project addresses the multiple reuse of agriculture drainage water with a complex system of sub-surface drainage system, and irrigation improvements to increase water productivity and aiming at water savings.

Application of rural development innovative solutions in Behira Governorate

Funded by: FAO

2021

The main project objective is to collect and analyze information, put in place a system for continued monitoring and design/implement effective technology which would increase water productivity and largely contribute to the country’s objective to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. The project will be applied on a pilot basis in a selected farm in Behira Governorate.

Support sustainable water management and irrigation modernization for newly reclaimed areas

Funded by: FAO

Local Partners: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation

2018

Project objectives are: (1) Establish a water accounting and monitoring system for water consumption at farm and groundwater aquifer level (monitoring extraction wells); (2) Contribute to maximizing water productivity; and (3) Provide capacity building for the relevant technical staff and relevant stakeholders.

MED: Enhanced Water Resources Management

Funded by: GEF

Implementing Agency: The World Bank

Executing Agency: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

2012

The project objective is to improve water management through piloting integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the Nile Delta and enhancing the knowledge and capacity of water sector institutions for IWRM in Egypt, contributing to pollution reduction in the Mediterranean Sea.

Developing Renewable Ground Water Resources in Arid Lands: a Pilot Case – the Eastern Desert of Egypt

Funded by: GEF

Implementing Agency: UNDP

Executing Agency: Cairo University

2001

The main project objective is to develop reliable techniques for evaluating the extent of renewable ground water resources in arid lands, with the Eastern Desert of Egypt as a test site.

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Water efficiency, productivity and sustainability in the NENA regions (WEPS-NENA)

 Funded by: FAO In Egypt, is Implemented in collaboration with: the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation and the Ministry of Agriculture

2017-2020

The WEPS project is an ambitious program of irrigation improvements to increase water productivity and aiming at water savings. Moreover, seawater desalination is taking a growing share of the urban water supply.

Support Sustainable Water Management and Irrigation Modernization for Newly Reclaimed Areas

Funded by: FAO

Implemented in collaboration with: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR) 

2018-2019

The project objectives :

•Establish a water accounting and monitoring system for water consumption at farm and groundwater aquifer level (monitoring extraction wells);

•Contribute to maximizing water productivity;

•Provide capacity building for the relevant technical staff and relevant stakeholders.

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

MED: Enhanced Water Resources Management

Funded by: GEF

Implementing Agency: The World Bank

Executing Agency: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

2012

The project objective is to improve water management through piloting integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the Nile Delta and enhancing the knowledge and capacity of water sector institutions for IWRM in Egypt, contributing to pollution reduction in the Mediterranean Sea.

Nile River Water Quality

Management Study

Published by: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

With support from: USAID

Consultants: Principal: Development Alternatives, Inc.

Subcontractor: International Resources Group

2003

The objective of that study was to identify and characterize the sources of pollution discharges to the Nile River system and presenting additional information, pointing to major issues, and suggesting options for dealing with them.

Integrating Environmental Considerations in Five Priority Sectors in Egypt

Regional-Governance and Knowledge Generation Project

Funded by: GEF

Published by: Plan Bleu

In cooperation with: Ministry of the Environment

2016

This document is intended to provide a framework for integrating environmental considerations in five key sectors: Water, Agriculture, Energy, Human Settlements, and Solid Waste. The main criteria for the selection of the sectors identified for this study are the importance of these sectors for Egypt and the priority given by the Government to them.

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Proposed Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the Ministry of Water Resources & Irrigation in Egypt

Published by: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

Prepared for: UNESCO Cairo Office

Author: Dr. Mohamed M Nour El-Din

2013

This report presents an adaptation strategy for the water sector in Egypt under the foreseen changes affecting water resources management and climatic conditions. The report focuses on climate change projections and impacts on water supplies represented by the Nile flow regime, the demands from different sectors, and the coastal zones.

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Egypt State of the Water: Reporting Monitoring and Evaluation Operational Framework and Guidelines

Funded by: African Development Bank

Implementing Agency: CEDARE

In cooperation with:

2015

The M&E for water in North Africa Project aims to increase the capacity in water sector M&E in MENA countries including Egypt. This report focuses on describing the state of water indicators that can be used.

Nile Basin National Water

Quality Monitoring Baseline Study Report for Egypt

Nile Basin Initiative

Nile Trans boundary Environmental Action Project

2005

 

Title & Link

Authors & Sponsors

Date

Remarks

Water and Agriculture in Egypt

Funded by: AusAID

Published by: International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

2011

This document presents an overview of the water and agriculture situation in Egypt. It is a compilation of four background papers on farm‐level water‐management opportunities and challenges in the old lands, new lands, and reclaimed/salt‐affected lands of Egypt.

Water Saving In Irrigated Agriculture in Egypt

Published by: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing

Authors: Dr. Mohamed Hassan Amer

Dr. Sayed Ahmed Abd El Hafez

Dr. Mohamed Bakr Abd El Ghany

2017

This publication is a compilation in a different form, besides bringing out in a generic sense selected Egyptian experts and research professionals across the land and water resources have contributed to enhance its contents. The case studies of successful water savings are highlighted.

Agriculture, Water and Rural Development in Egypt: A Bottom-Up Approach in Evaluating 

European Trade and Assistance Policies

Funded by: EU

Authors: Jad Chaaban, Ali Chalak, Tala Ismail and Salma Khedr

2018

This paper is part of a series of MEDRESET working papers that investigate the effectiveness of EU policies in the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries from a bottom-up perspective. The focus of this paper will be on the agriculture and water sectors in Egypt.

Explaining Water Governance in Egypt: Actors, Mechanisms and Challenges

Published by: University of Exeter

Author: Wesam Mahmoud Mohamed Lasheen (PhD Thesis)

2019

This thesis adopts a governance theoretical framework to analyse and explain the complex and non-linear nature of water governance arrangements in Egypt. It also examines the interplay dynamics between water agents and structures at national, regional and international levels.

Water Governance in Egypt: Challenges and Opportunities

Published by: Aalborg University

Author: Petra Páll  (Masters Thesis)

2017

This thesis aims to examine the actions of the Government of Egypt in the domain of water and identify the factors that influence its water governance system. Another purpose of this research is to provide propositions with regards to improving the effectiveness of Egypt’s water governance system

Flash Floods in Egypt

Published by: Springer

Book Editor: Abdelazim M. Negm

2020

The goal of this book is to assess the flash floods environment, its hazards, risk, harvesting, utilization, and management in Egypt as a typical example of an arid country with water scarcity. It also highlights some important experiences and successful case studies that reflect the present challenges and their possible solutions.

Background Paper: Water Resources Management in Egypt Assessment and Recommendations

Published by: Alternative Policy Solutions

Authors: Reda Rady, Mohie El-Din Omar

2018

This background paper showed the formulating a comprehensive water policy document that sheds light on the water status in Egypt in the future, based on the prevalent status with respect to the availability of water resources, demand for water, and the institutional and legislative frameworks governing water management.

Using the water-energy-food nexus to enhance Egypt’s cooperation with Nile Basin countries

Published by: AUC

Author: Aly Kheireldin (Masters Thesis)

2016

This thesis presented the policy framework for development the water-energy-food nexus for Egypt and the Nile Basin to ensure more collaboration.

Report for the Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED) – Green Economy

Published by: The Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED)

 Editors: Hussein Abaza, Najib Saad and Bashar Zeitoon 

 

2011

This report offers options of green economy in Arab countries in various sectors and represents the first phase of the AFED green economy initiative.

 

Integrating Environmental Considerations in Five Priority Sectors in Egypt – Water, Energy, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Human Settlements, and Solid Waste

Published by: Plan Bleu

 Lead Author: Hussein M. Abaza

 

2016

This document is intended to provide a framework for integrating environmental considerations in five key sectors in Egypt: Water, Agriculture, Energy, Human Settlements, and Solid Waste

SerialSubjectAuthor and TitleJournal

Year

Published

Remarks
WR01National Water, Food, and TradeAbdelkader, A. et al. National Water, Food, And Trade Modeling Framework: The Case Of EgyptScience Of The Total Environment, vol. 6392022 
WR02Water Quality at Al-Salam CanalEl-Amier, Yasser A. et al.Hydrochemical Assessment Of The Irrigation Water Quality Of The El-Salam CanalWater, vol. 132021 
WR03Water Quality at lake QarounGad, Mohamed et al. Integration Of Water Quality Indices And Multivariate Modeling For Assessing Surface Water Quality In Qaroun Lake, EgyptWater, vol. 132021 
WR04Water Quality at QalubiyaRamadan, Fatma et al.Evaluation Of Heavy Metals Accumulation Risks In Water Of The Qalubiya Drain In East Delta, EgyptArabian Journal Of Geosciences, vol. 142021 
WR05Drainage Water Quality at DeltaEl-Agha, Doaa E. et al. Drainage Water Salinity And Quality Across Nested Scales In The Nile Delta Of EgyptEnvironmental Science And Pollution Research, vol. 272022 
WR06Groundwater Use in Nile DeltaEl-Agha, Doaa E. et al.Below The Radar: The Boom Of Groundwater Use In The Central Part Of The Nile Delta In EgyptHydrogeology Journal, vol. 252017 
WR07Groundwater Use and Climate ChangeSwitzman, Harris et al. Conservation Planning As An Adaptive Strategy For Climate Change And Groundwater Depletion In Wadi El Natrun, EgyptHydrogeology Journal, vol. 262018 
WR08Egypt irrigation remote sensingAbdelhaleem, Fahmy Salah et al. Application of remote sensing and geographic information systems in irrigation water management under water scarcity conditions in Fayoum, EgyptJournal of Environmental Management, vol. 2992021 
WR09Climate Change and Water ResourcesMostafa, S.M. et al. “Potential Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in EgyptWater, vol.132021 
WR10Economic Study of Water Resource  EfficiencyA.H.A. AbdElMaksoud et al. “Economic Study the Efficiency of Water Resource Usage (Case Study)Alex. J. Agric. Sci., vol. 632018 
WR11Water Resources ManagementR. Bedawy, “Water Resources Management: Alarming Crisis for EgyptJournal of Management and Sustainability, vol. 42014 
WR12Water managementM.M. Omar & A.M.A. Moussa, “Water management in Egypt for facing the future challengesJournal of Advanced research, vol. 72016 
WR13Water Resources ManagementRadwan G. Abd Ellah, “Water resources in Egypt and their challenges, Lake Nasser case studyEgyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, vol. 462020 
WR14GreywaterBatish, A.F. “Greywater in Egypt: the sustainable future of non-conventional water resources”Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 272020