General / Cross Cutting Title : Egyptian Sovereign Green Bonds Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Information and Decision Support Center Author: Dr. Nagwa Samak Date: 2021 Remarks: This issue of IDSC “Policy Perspectives” series seeks to discuss and analyze the concept and importance of green bonds. It also discusses and analyzes the main principles and pillars of this concept, and the size and characteristics of green bonds and sovereign green bonds at the international level Link: https://idsc.gov.eg/Upload/DocumentLibrary/Attachment_A/5904/12-Egyptian Sovereign Green Bonds.pdf. Title : Egypt Sovereign Green Bond Allocation & Impact Report Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Ministry of FinanceIn cooperation with: Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Transportation, and the Ministry of Housing Utilities and Urban Communities. Date: 2021 Remarks: This report discusses the issuance of the first sovereign Green Bond in Egypt which highlighted the government’s commitment to transparently finance it’s environmental priorities and international commitments, promoted self-discipline through enhanced governance standards and reporting, enhanced the environmental social and governance (ESG) profile of Egypt, and diversified it’s investor base. Link : https://mof.gov.eg/en/posts/publicDept/601ace3810ca760007b20d2c/Green-Bond Documentation Title : The Arab Republic of Egypt Sovereign Green Financing Framework-September 2020 Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Ministry of Finance Date: 2020 Remarks: In July 2018, the Chairman of Egypt’s Financial Board Regulatory Authority announced approval to establish an article to regulate the issuance of Green Bonds and contribute to eco-friendly projects. Following the announcement, the Egyptian government established this Green Financing Framework which will enable Egypt to finance existing and future Eligible Green Projects. Link: https://mof.gov.eg/en/posts/publicDept/601ace3810ca760007b20d2c/Green-Bond Documentation Title : Financing Green Growth: A review of green financial sector policies in emerging and developing economies Authors & Sponsors: Published by: GIZ Date: 2014 Remarks: On the basis of ten case studies in emerging and developing countries (Including Egypt), this study investigates which strategies, policies and specific policy instruments have been applied at the national level, and how these have directly or indirectly influenced the actions of organisations operating in the financial sector. Link: https://idsc.gov.eg/Upload/DocumentLibrary/Attachment_A/5904/12-Egyptian Sovereign Green Bonds.pdf. Title : Green Finance For Developing Countries Authors & Sponsors: Published by: UNEP Date: 2016 Remarks: The report was developed by the UNEP Inquiry drawing on interviews with practitioners, regulators and experts from developing countries, including Egypt. It outlines key concerns and needs of developing countries in relation to green finance, particularly focusing on developing countries that are not members of the G20. Link: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7673/-Green_finance_for_developing_countries_Needs,_concerns_and_innovations-2016Green_Finance_for_Developing_Countries.pdf.pdf?sequence=4&%3BisAllowed=y%2C%20Summary%7C%7Chttps%3A//wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/ha Title : Financing Sustainable Development In Arab Countries Authors & Sponsors: Published by: : Arab Forum for Environment and Development Date: 2018 Remarks: Financing Sustainable Development in Arab Countries is the topic of the 2018 Annual report of Arab Forum for Environment and Development (AFED). It identifies financing needs, gaps, options and mechanisms, while focusing on sources and addressing enhancement of their roles. Link: https://www.greenfinanceplatform.org/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/AFEDReport-financingSDinArabCountries2018-.pdf Title : Financing the SDGs in Egypt: Evaluating the Current Practices and Challenges Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Arab Republic of Egypt Institute of National Planning Authors: Dr. Ahmed Ashour and Dr. Dalia A. A. Ibrahim Institute of National Planning- Cairo, Egypt Date: 2018 Remarks: The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it highlights the concept of finance for development and emphasizes the role of Domestic Resource mobilization (DRM) in this process in the African context. Second, it analyses the current practices of financing the SDGs in Egypt and the challenges it faces. This paper suggested three different scenarios for financing the SDGs in Egypt and introduces some policy recommendations concerning financing the SDGs to help achieving global sustainable development and prosperity. Link: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7673/-Green_finance_for_developing_countries_Needs,_concerns_and_innovations-2016Green_Finance_for_Developing_Countries.pdf.pdf?sequence=4&%3BisAllowed=y%2C%20Summary%7C%7Chttps%3A//wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/ha Title : Transforming Financial Systems for Climate (TFSC) in Egypt- EOI for Consultants Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Green Climate Fund Local Partner: National Bank of Egypt (NBE) Funding Partner: Agence Française de Développement (AFD) Date: 2018-2026 Remarks: The main objectives of this programme are to scale up climate finance in the targeted countries (including Egypt), to redirect financial flows, and reinforce the capacity of local partners in climate-related sectors. Link: https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp095 Title : Green Finance in the Mediterranean Authors & Sponsors: Developed by: eco-unionand IEMed Date: 2017 Remarks: The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamics of green finance in the Mediterranean countries (including Egypt) and to identify the current state of the art, future trends and possible recommendations for policy makers. Link: https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp095 Title : Scoping the Sustainable Finance Landscape in Africa: The Case of Green Bonds Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Stockholm Sustainable Finance Center Date: 2020 Remarks: This report surveys some of the growing literature on sustainable finance. It uses extensive data on green bonds to map the African landscape (Including Egypt) in order to understand the structure and development of the green bonds market, the challenges and the opportunities it faces, and the outlook. Link: https://www.stockholmsustainablefinance.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/SSFC_greenbonds_africa_report.pdf Title : Inclusive Green Finance: A Survey of The Policy Landscape Authors & Sponsors: Prepared by: The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Date: 2019 Remarks: This survey of the policy landscape of green finance (Including Egypt) reveals new and emerging policy practices that are guiding the transition to more inclusive and resilient low-carbon economies, and thereby contribute to the global effort to implement the Paris Agreement and achieve climate related SDGs. Link: https://www.afi-global.org/sites/default/files/publications/2019-06/AFI_IGF_report_AW_digital.pdf Title : Promoting Sustainable Finance & Climate Finance in the Arab Region Authors & Sponsors: Published by: UNEP Finance Initiative Date: 2020 Remarks: This report aims at providing an assessment of the readiness of the Arab region’s (Including Egypt) financial sector framework to integrate and promote sustainable finance in general and climate finance in particular in order to enhance its role in financing the transition to greener & more inclusive economies while safeguarding the stability of the financial system Link : https://www.unepfi.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ConsultationDraft-Promoting-Sustainable-Finance-in-the-Arab-Region.pdf Title : Financial Inclusion and Sustainable Growth in Egypt Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Harvard University Author: Rania Nada (Masters Thesis) Date: 2020 Remarks: This thesis seeks to answer two main research questions: (1) Is financial inclusion in Egypt a driver towards sustainable growth? and (2) What can Egypt learn from other markets with regards to driving financial inclusion? Link: https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/37365639/NADA-DOCUMENT-2020.pdf?sequence=1 Title : Can green banking help promote and enforce sustainable development? The case study of Egypt Authors & Sponsors: Published by: AUC Author: Nuran Ashraf Atef Date: 2017 Remarks: This research explores the viability of applying the concept of green banking in Egypt as a climate change vulnerable developing country struggling out of an economic recession. Link: https://fount.aucegypt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1616&context=etds Title : Donor support for climate change initiatives in the Middle East and North Africa Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Harvard University Author: Rania Nada (Masters Thesis) Date: 2020 Remarks: This review focuses on support to MENA countries (including Egypt) from donors in the climate and environment space including both bilateral donors such as France and Germany, multilateral development banks and multilateral climate funds. Link: https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/15795/903_Donor_support_for_climate_change_in_MENA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Title : Recommended National Sustainable Urban and Energy Savings Actions for Egypt & Donors and Financial Initiatives Authors & Sponsors: Funded by: EU Implemented by: Consortium led by Hulla & Co. Human Dynamics KG Local: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Date: 2016 Remarks: This report provides national recommendations and a set of actions specific for Egypt. It also addresses the challenges and the best accompanying measures needed at the national level to assist local authorities in the two selected governorates: Governorate of Luxor and Governorate of Read Sea. Link : https://www.climamed.eu/wp-content/uploads/files/Egypt-Reports-Recommended-National-Sustainable-Urban-and-Energy-Savings-Actions-Donors-and-Financial-Initiatives-for-Egypt-in-EN.pdf Title : EGYPT: Enabling Private Investment and Commercial Financing in Infrastructure Authors & Sponsors: Published by: World Bank Funded by: UK Government Date: 2018 Remarks: This report presents an overview of the state of infrastructure financing in Egypt with a special focus on priority sectors Link : https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/588971544207642729/pdf/132784-v2-WP-PUBLIC-Final-Report-Egypt-InfraSAP-English.pdf Title : Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments in the transport sector for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Development Authors & Sponsors: Published by: UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Author: Hamed Korkor, PhD Energy & Environment Consultant Date: 2014 Remarks: This paper gave particular emphasis to policy reforms, programmes and projects eligible to attract energy efficiency investments and make it bankable in the transport sector of which are the Greater Cairo Region (GCR) Old Vehicles Scrapping and Recycling Programme (OVSRP), the utilization of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for vehicles, and the construction and development of Cairo Metro. Link: https://archive.unescwa.org/sites/www.unescwa.org/files/page_attachments/escwa-casestudy-ee_transport-egypt_final.pdf Title : Promoting Sustainable Finance and Climate Finance in the Arab Region Authors & Sponsors: Published by: UNEP Date: 2021 Remarks: This report investigates the most prevalent sustainable finance practices in six countries in the Arab region including Egypt. Link : https://www.unepfi.org/publications/climate-change-publications/promoting-sustainable-finance-and-climate-finance-in-the-arab-region-2/ Title : NDC implementation in Egypt through green investments by private sector – A SCOPING STUDY Authors & Sponsors: Published by: African Development BankAuthors: Kalame Fobissie and Hany Shalaby Date: 2021 Remarks: This study is conducted as part of technical assistance to strengthen the private sector to take advantage of the abundant opportunities for green investments in Egypt. Link: https://www.afdb.org/ar/documents/ndc-implementation-egypt-through-green-investments-private-sector-scoping-study Energy Sector Title : Project Finance for Renewable Energy Systems – Egypt case study Authors & Sponsors: Published by: Renewable Energy Solutions for the Mediterranean -RES4MED Date: 2018 Remarks: This document gives an overview of the Egypt energy landscape and investigates the risks associated with project finance for renewable energy systems in Egypt. Link: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/609a53264723031eccc12e99/t/60ec6e1e5c24420245893fcd/1626107429688/Project-Finance-Egypt_FINAL_WEB_VERSION-2.pdf Title : Egypt’s First Green Bond 2020/2021 Sustainable Energy Authors & Sponsors: Published by:Ministry of Finance Date: 2020 Remarks: This presentation gives an overview of Egypt’s Green Projects Portfolio with a special focus on the energy sector and illustrates the country’s Green Financing Framework. Link: https://sustainableenergyegypt.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Renewable-energy-Green-bond-_MoF.pdf Title : GCF-EBRD Egypt Renewable Energy Financing Framework Authors & Sponsors: Funded by: Green Climate Fund Date: 2017-2022 Remarks: The second component of this project aims to scale up investments to support the development and construction of renewable energy projects totalling USD 1 billion. This will be done by blending GCF and EBRD financing to leverage debt financing from international and development financial institutions, and at a later stage from commercial banks and private sector investments. Link: https://idsc.gov.eg/Upload/DocumentLibrary/Attachment_A/5904/12-Egyptian Sovereign Green Bonds.pdf. Title : Green Economy Financing Facility Egypt Authors & Sponsors: Supported by: EU In cooperation with: AFD & European Investment Bank Date: Remarks: GEFF Egypt is the first mechanism to finance EE projects in Egypt during the last 20 years. It aims to promote and finance energy efficiency and renewable energy investments. As a pioneer initiative, GEFF helps Egyptian businesses to become more competitive by investing in high-performing technologies through providing financing. Link: https://www.rcreee.org/project/egypt-geff/4426 Transport Sector Title : Promoting Energy Efficiency Investments in the transport sector for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Development Authors & Sponsors Published by: UN Economic and Social Commission for Western AsiaAuthor: Hamed Korkor, PhD Energy & Environment Consultant Date: 2014 Remarks: This paper gave particular emphasis to policy reforms, programmes and projects eligible to attract energy efficiency investments and make it bankable in the transport sector of which are the Greater Cairo Region (GCR) Old Vehicles Scrapping and Recycling Programme (OVSRP), the utilization of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel for vehicles, and the construction and development of Cairo Metro Link: https://archive.unescwa.org/sites/www.unescwa.org/files/page_attachments/escwa-casestudy-ee_transport-egypt_final.pdf Policies Relevant to Green Finance in Egypt